Japanese Surgeon's Daily Life

Eging

　　You might think the topic "Eging" would be a typing error of "Aging", but this word is correct and even Japanese! I'll try to explain the origin or how it was made. You would be amazed at the extreme flexibility of Japanese. "Eging" can be disassembled into three parts; "e", "gi" and "ing". "E" means the bait and "gi" means wood. Then what do you think is "egi"? As you can guess, "egi" means wooden bait, i.e. lures for fishing. The English suffix "ing" implying actual action was added to a Japanese word "egi" and consequently "eging" was produced as the word describing fishing with wooden lures. It's very funny but really functional. The Japanese language is provided with phonograms called "katakana", which are used to express the sound of foreign words. "Eging" is the romanized spelling of the original expression by "katakana". "Eging" has become popular in recent years. This fishing technique is used for squid fishing.
　　Some enthusiasts always carry a rod and other tackle for "eging" in their vehicles and often try fishing wherever they suspect the habitation of squids. They don't need raw bait and so the tackle doesn't emit bad smells in the car. One of the participants was an enthusiast and tried fishing from the coast in front of the eating house where we took a rest. AND, he caught one as shown in the picture.

(Vocabulary)
phonograms  表音文字
romanized spelling  ローマ字つづり
suffix  接尾辞
tackle [U] 道具, 用具, (特に) 釣り道具
habitation [U] 居住; [C] 住居, 居住地
unfit for human habitation 人間の居住にふさわしくない

Kamikaze, Special Attack Force

　　More than 2600 years have passed since the foundation of Japan. However, Japan hasn't always stayed independent during this span of existence. Japan was governed by the U.S. for 6 years and 8 months about 60 years ago. The products manufactured in Japan during the governed period were stamped as "Made in Occupied Japan". That is to say, Japan wasn't independent for nearly seven years. Japan was forced to take a major role of minesweeping around the Korean Peninsula during the Korean War. It led to the successful invasion of U.N. troops onto the coast of Incheon and consequently the restoration of South Korea, but there are no appreciative words for Japan on the monument standing at Panmunjom, but it's natural because the independent nation of Japan didn't exist at that time.
　　In 1952, Japan finally attained its independence after all sorts of troubles and difficulties. However, Japan has completely changed. We were brainwashed and our Constitution, which was drawn up and forced on us by the U.S. 60 years ago, is still highly prized, while Germany, which had likewise lost the war, has modified their Constitution more than 50 times.
　　Oct. 25th is the day when the suicide attacks by fighters started. The leader of the first attack team was from Saijo City near my hometown. He left his newly-wed wife, charged toward an aircraft carrier and sank it.
　　What impressions will people have about the Greater East Asian War several hundreds years from now?

(Vocabulary)
after all sorts of troubles and difficulties  幾多の紆余曲折を乗り越えて

Seto Inland Sea

　　Seto Inland Sea, called "Setonaikai" in Japanese, is the waters between Shikoku and Honshu, both of which are the two of four main islands in Japan. In this area, there are lots of small islands and you can view the beautiful scenery composed of those small and tiny islands by several means. One of them is cycling. Honshu and Shikoku are connected by three routes which respectively consist of several bridges connecting small islands. One of these three routes has a bicycle path beside the main road for the vehicles. I enjoyed the landscapes from crossing the bridge and from a sightseeing boat later, which set off from a few ports on the route. I'll show you pictures shot from onboard. You would be amazed to see the rapid currents and beautiful sea.
　　I'd add one thing about a unique channel, called Kurushima Channel, in the area. It is unique in a way that ships sometimes could run through on the left side. As you know, ships must pass each other on the right side, regulated by  international law, when they face each other in a narrow space. However, in Kurushima Channel the route sometimes alternates between the right and the left. Kurushima Channel is the only place in the world where ships pass on the left side. The sea traffic control constantly monitors the currents and commands all the ships in the channel to run right or left.

(Vocabulary)
waters 《複数扱い》水域, 近海, 領海
the coastal waters of Alaska  アラスカの沿岸水域
They got permission to fish in Japanese waters.  日本領海内での漁が許可された．

Cycling

　　I joined an annual cycle ride event sponsored by Imabari City which is located near my hometown, Matsuyama City. As I wrote in another entry, Imabari City is the Shikoku-side terminal place of the Shimanami Kaido Route, one of three routes connecting Shikoku and Kyushu, both of which are the biggest and smallest islands of four big islands of Japan. The organizer arranged three routes, 20km, 40km and 100km. I chose the middle, 40km. I competed and successfully finished the distance of 100km last year and it was really hard. That's why.
　　Just before the departure after the ceremonial event, I came across an old friend from my elementary school, nearly a half century long friend. He was suited up in pink. Ordinary middle-aged Japanese people tend to avoid flashy colors, but the pink suited him. I'll post a picture of us.

Commute Route

　　I can choose one of three ways for commuting such as my scooter, my car and the train. I adopt one of them every morning depending on the weather and my work status. After night duty, because I'm afraid that I might get sleepy, I often utilize the train. On the other hand, when I can get back home in the evening and the weather is fine, I usually choose my scooter and enjoy riding it. My wife sometimes says that she can't differentiate commuting from just a fun ride seeing my preparation for commuting. Anyway, the picture was shot on the way to my office this morning.

An Historic Site, Shirakawa-no-seki

　　On this day we were in Fukushima prefecture, which had become well-known worldwide as the victim area of the nuclear accident. The disaster, however, was very localized and was far different from the case of the Chernobyl disaster. I place an emphasis on this point in the first place.
　　After saying goodbye to Y, we had some time until the departure time of the train. So, we visited a nearby famous historic site, which had long been a key junction from ancient times between northern and central Japan. That is a barrier called "Shirakawa-no-seki", which was already recorded in old literature written in the 8th century. The barrier had been functioning at least in the 8th century, but nobody knows when it was established. The barrier's function as a strategic point is thought to have disappeared as early as the 12th century and the accurate position of the barrier had long been unknown. It was identified during the Edo period.
　　I'd like to introduce Basho, who wrote many masterpieces while traveling in the northern part of Japan in the 17th century. He also dropped in at this barrier and left several poems called "haiku". In front of the Shin-shirakawa station, the statue of Basho stands. By the way, do you know about Mr. Donald Lawrence Keene? He is one of the Basho enthusiasts.

His Tomb

　　We had decided on one of the hotel restaurants as the rendezvous last night and got together at 6:30am, the designated time, after check-out from the hotel. I admired their punctuality and toughness. We grabbed breakfast from the tables of the cafeteria and headed for Tokyo Station to catch the bullet train. The nearest bullet train station from Y's cemetery is Shin-shirakawa and it took about one and a half hours to reach it. Then lively conversation followed as a matter of course. The primary topics were about the old days.
　　We rented a car and went to a supermarket at first. We got incense sticks, flowers for offerings, Japanese sake and a lighter. We were all non-smokers and nobody had a lighter. It was about 15 minutes' drive from Shin-shirakawa station to his cemetery. I'll post several pictures of his tombstone for other friends who couldn't visit it. Some cleaned his tombstone up by splashing it with water. Others pulled all the weeds in his grave unit. I lit incense sticks, and arranged flowers in a vase at his tombstone. We prayed for his peacefulness in the next world and wished we could have seen him someday, somewhere again.
　　When I visited last time a decade ago, his mother was alive. Now she was buried with her son and husband. I recalled her last words. "Always remember Y!" Yes, I swore I would never forget Y and his parents, in silence.

(Vocabulary)
decide on/upon sth [句動詞] (多くの選択肢の中から) ＜…＞を選ぶ, 決める
Have you decided on a career (×decided a career) yet? もう仕事を決めましたか．
複数の選択肢の中から一つを選ぶ場合はdecide on/upon sthを用いる．
rendezvous  待ち合わせ場所; (約束の時間に，または場所で) 会う, 落ち合う
rendezvous with sb  ＜人＞と落ち合う
as a matter of course/routine  当然［日常］のこととして
Safety checks are carried out as a matter of routine.  安全点検は日常的に実施されている．
light ［burn］an incense stick  線香をたく

Long Stories

　　The last person arrived at the hotel at about 20:00 hours. He left his hospital after the treatment of dialysis patients as the Saturday routine. As soon as he arrived, we went out drinking.
　　It was a quarter century ago when we got together last time. We were all single and still pretty green as doctors at that time. Now, we had got married, had kids and one had even a grandchild. Furthermore, we are at a certain position in our profession. It wasn't easy to adjust our schedules. We enjoyed chatting and drinking so much, but the most joyful one must have been Y, about whom I wrote in the previous entry.
　　We exchanged stories about each other's quarter century. To my surprise, a friend's wife was from the same year of the same high school as my wife. Time has passed by like a flash. However, it wouldn't be enough if we had a whole night to talk with. We had to get up early the next morning and came back to the hotel about 12 o'clock midnight.
　　The picture shows the Tohoku bullet train we took the next morning, which connects Tokyo and Aomori, the northern end of Honshu, the biggest island of the main four islands of Japan. Japanese bullet trains are really comfortable and have been in service for 50 years without any physical injury or death. Even in the recent catastrophic earthquake, seven trains running over 200 km/h successfully stopped. How amazing!

The Ontario Parliament

　　At the end of the trip, I visited the Ontario Parliament. This Romanesque building was standing in the Queen's Park and was built in 1893 according to my travel guide. Its brown wall was very beautiful in harmony with the surrounding greenery. In spite of its location downtown, I found several squirrels in the park, which would imply the ecological sensibility of Canadian people. I'd like to have seen inside the building, but to my regret, it was late for the official sightseeing tour. I found the statue of John A. MacDonald in the park too. It was because I came across him again that I wrote "too". I remembered I had seen his statue also in Charlottetown. According to the description beside that statue, I knew he had been the first Prime Minister of Canada.
　　I had supper at a Mediterranean restaurant near my hotel because I hadn't had Mediterranean cuisine before, so I just tried it. The cuisine in the poster put up on the window facing the street looked really nice, but I was sorry to have chosen the restaurant. It might be acceptable for local people. However, I didn't like it.
　　Coming back to my hotel, checking the weather report on T.V., I packed my possessions up. The next day's weather would be fine and I fell asleep with ease.

(Vocabulary)
Romanesque  ロマネスク様式の
greenery 青葉, 緑の草木
ecological sensibility  環境意識の鋭さ
put up a poster  ポスターをはる
with ease  容易に, 簡単に, たやすく

Clothing Optional Beach

　　Every time I visited foreign countries, I came across something new to me and they were always surprises and fun. I'd like to direct your attention to the first picture. "Clothing-Mandatory Beach" on the destination board in the picture made me a bit upset. I racked my brain over the Japanese translation of "mandatory". This word is frequently used like "continuous mandatory ventilation" in the field of respiratory management and I thought that I understood it. However, "Clothing-mandatory" was hard to comprehend. Do People have to wear their clothes during swimming around there? Or, was this something related to Islamic women? Several minutes later, I found another destination board, which is shown in the next picture. "Clothing-optional" was also new to me. I decided to walk toward the direction the signboard indicated. There were no signs like "No Trespassing". I went on and on. Abruptly, the sight of two naked women lying on the beach entered my eyes and I was so surprised. At that moment I understood what clothing meant. "Clothing" meant swimwear, and "clothing-optional" meant that nudity was allowed there. A dressed man was wandering around naked women and I just saw him with a vague spaced-out feeling, but when I saw him start to take his clothes off, I ran out of there, because I was dressed. Might there be a place where dressed people weren't allowed to step in.

(Vocabulary)
destination board / screen  行き先表示板
rack　《通例受け身形で》(肉体的・精神的に)〈人〉をひどく苦しめる
be racked by/with sth ＜…＞にさいなまれる, 苦しむ
Liza was racked by guilt. 　ライザは罪の意識にさいなまれていた．
rack your brain(s) (思い出そうと) 必死に考える, (アイデアなどを出そうと) 知恵を振り絞る
rack one's brain over the question of  ～という問題に頭を悩ませる
make someone a bit upset （人）を少しばかり悩ませる
vague spaced-out feeling ボーッとした感じ

(Vocabulary from comments)
prudish (性的なことに対して) 過敏な, 潔癖な

On Algonquin Island

　　Toronto Islands consist of several small islands and Algonquin Island in the title is one of them. The name of Algonquin derives from that of the native Americans in eastern Canada. I'll show you some of the pictures taken during walking on the island. In Japan, you almost always aren't allowed to walk on the grass and I was walking along the paved path to avoid damaging the grass. After looking at the signboard in the first picture, however, I stepped on the grass area. There was no one but me around. It was a weekday. I could view the CN tower from there too. It was really the landmark of landmarks.
　　I found a description on the back of a bench on which I happened to sit down to take a rest. It is just what I thought at that time and might be incorrect, but this bench would be built by donations from good sons and/or daughters who missed their parents. Besides, I thought it was a good idea to honor loved ones in this way. Looking around carefully, there were several benches with such descriptions. Relatives and friends of the persons who were honored might enjoy picnicking around the benches. I'm supposed to see the mayor of my hometown next year, so I'm going to show him these pictures.

(Vocabulary)
Algonquin アルゴンキン族 (カナダ東部のアメリカ先住民)

Toronto Island (Hanlan's Point)

　　After seeing my daughter in front of her school, which is located in the northern part of the city, I went down to the south heading for the water front. Today's first destination was Toronto Island on Lake Ontario. The first picture was shot at the entrance of the port to the islands. It is called "skywalk", which is not so common in Japan, specifically in my hometown. I remembered my first visit to the U.S. It was 20 years ago in Minneapolis that I saw and knew a skywalk for the first time. My friend who was a researcher in the Mayo Clinic explained to me how critically cold it was in winter. I looked nostalgically back at those days. He has already passed away. Anyway, I'll continue. The next picture was the ferry which I got on-board. The cars and trucks got on first and the people next.
　　Abruptly I was assailed by a big sound in the third picture. It was from a passenger plane flying right above, which landed in the airport which I had viewed from the CN tower on the previous day. The next picture from the ferry is one of the three ports in Toronto Islands, Hanlan's Point. I was wondering from what the name "Hanlan" derived, and I found the statue of Mr. Hanlan and the description about him near the port. He seemed to have been a rowing phenomenon in 19th century.

(Vocabulary)
assail (文)〈人〉を悩ませる, さいなむ
be assailed by/with doubts  疑問に悩まされる
 …を激しく非難する  assail sb for sth  ＜人＞を＜…＞のことで激しく非難する
 〈悪臭・騒音などが〉 …を襲う
 〈敵・陣地など〉 を襲う, 襲撃する = attack

Skywalk in Hokkaido

My friend in Rochester

Poor Parental Feeling

　　The first thing that caused my concern when I got up in the morning was about my daughter, who had spent a night in an unfamiliar house. I had already planned to visit Toronto Islands, but I decided to stop by her school to see if she could get to the school by herself.
　　I bought a one-day free ticket for transportation including subway, streetcars and buses. This single ticket allowed me to utilize all these transport means alike. It was very helpful that I didn't have to worry about fares. I could get on and off them wherever I wanted.
　　As I wanted to look at her school and see its locale, I arrived rather early and took a walk around the area in which my daughter would spend a month. As a result, I felt a sense of security. I dropped in at a Tim Hortons near her school to have breakfast. This franchise is seldom seen in Japan, or perhaps there aren't any in Japan, I thought, so I took a snap of my breakfast.
　　The school requested that students should check in the school between 8:00 and 8:30 a.m. on the first day. However, she didn't show up at 8:00 a.m. I was afraid that she had lost her way to the school, and was concerned for some time, but finally she appeared at 8:25 a.m.

(Vocabulary)
parental feeling/tenderness  親心
locale [C](フォーマル) 場所, (事件・事故などの) 現場; (小説・映画などの) 舞台, 背景（地）=setting
a sense/feeling of security  安心感

(Vocabulary from comments)
for better or (for) worse  良くも悪くも; (結婚の誓いの言葉で用いて) 生涯いついかなる時も
Tim Hortons はカナダと米国のごく一部（？）にだけあるようです。スタバのような店です。

From the Observation Deck

　　I understand that the CN Tower is a major attraction for visitors to Toronto. As I expected, the entrance hall was packed with lots of people, though it was past 18:00 hours. Finally, I had to wait for nearly an hour to reach the elevator to the observation deck.
　　The landscape from the deck was magnificent. There was no silhouette of mountains. Such scenery couldn't be seen around my hometown. The horizon wasn't straight. I realized the roundness of the earth. To tell the truth, I don't like heights. I climbed up there to get a rough image of Toronto. Just a single day was left for me to see around. I had to determine where to visit the next day. I was going to arrange my next day's sightseeing plan.
　　A long and thin island caught my eye when I moved to the south side. A part of it was an airport. Middle class passenger planes were frequently landing and taking off. I also saw some piers mooring several dozen pleasure boats. It would be fun if I could wander around the island, I believed. I made up my mind to spare a half day before noon of the next day to see around the island.
　　Then when I went to the down elevator, I found a crazy signboard (the last picture) which said you could walk outside on the observation deck. I tried to go out, but at once got back inside. So scared!

Historic Site of Canadian National Railway

　　Lots of visitors bustled around the CN Tower. While I was wandering around, I found several retired trains displayed. Some of those trains seemed to be re-used as shops or cafes. "CP Rail" and "CANADIAN NATIONAL" were printed on the side of those trains. I rode on VIA Rail, the "Rocky Mountaineer," from Calgary to Vancouver 17 years ago, so are there three railroad companies in Canada?
　　In addition, the turntable and the additional building for maintenance work remained almost intact. This area was like a railroad museum. My travel guidebook said nothing about this facility, but I thought it should be listed in the book. A part of the maintenance work building also seemed to be used as a shopping street. The position where the CN Tower stood must have been the birthplace of the CANADIAN NATIONAL. I imagined that the network of the railroad would have expanded from this point across the country. The naming and position of the "CN Tower" must have been derived from the CANADIAN NATIONAL Railroad Company. I was convinced.
　　The last picture was shot just from underneath the CN Tower. According to the signboard, there were several tour programs operating in the tower, and I wanted to climb up to the highest point, but there were so many people waiting. I chose the tour with the shortest waiting time.

(Vocabulary)
bustle about/around せわしなく動き回る
bustle with something 〈場所が〉＜人・活気など＞でにぎわう

Additional Pictures

Casa Loma

　　It was already a little past 4 p.m. It was regrettable that our departure from Niagara Falls had been delayed according to the transport company's convenience. I decided to visit one of the tourist attractions, castle-like Casa Loma firstly, because it was located relatively near my position at that time. According to my travel guide, it had been built as the residence of a Canadian military officer who had raked in a lot of money in running the hydraulic power plant at Niagara Falls. I remembered that I had seen a ruined factory from the sightseeing boat, the Maid of the Mist, on the previous day. I thought it must have been the power plant. When I reached the site, the sightseeing tour inside was over and I could only walk around the house. It was built on a hill and the second picture was the CN tower from the hill. It was the landmark of the landmarks in Toronto.
　　The time passed 5 o'clock, but the sun was high enough to continue wandering in the city and I headed for the waterfront. I didn't have any purpose. I just wanted to walk around the CN tower. I took the subway from the nearest station, Dupont, to Union Station, where I lost my way underground, but when I emerged outside and saw the magnificent view of the CN tower, I knew where I was.

(Vocabulary)
convenience 　[U] (人にとっての) 都合のよさ, 便宜
at your convenience  都合のよいときに
hydraulic power generation  水力発電
decrepit 老衰した, よぼよぼの／老朽化した, おんぼろの

Greek Town

　　The daughter whom I left alone with a strange Canadian family is the youngest one of three daughters. She is already twenty years old, but I feel she is still childish. My wife often told me that I should separate myself from her, but I can't stop worrying about her. Anyway, after a short talk with her homestay family members, I left the house in which she would stay for the next four weeks.
　　I strolled to the south with the map displayed on my smartphone. It was very useful to know where I was right at that time. It was because I wanted to look around and know the neighborhood where my daughter would live for four weeks as much as I could. Finally I reached an open space, where a statue of a possible Greek man stood. I guessed he was Greek from the letters used in the description on the base on which the statue was set. Alexander the Great by any chance? Some Greek flags were put up around and you can also see them in the picture. This area was actually the Greek neighborhood. See the second picture, which was taken there. My daughter's homestay family had an unfamiliar surname and I noticed they were of Greek origin, seeing this flag in the pictures below. I don't have permission to describe the homestay family in detail and can't write much, but they looked nice and kind.

(Vocabulary)
stroll  [自] ぶらぶら［のんびり］歩く, 散歩する
stroll along/across/around etc. sth ＜場所＞をぶらぶら歩く［横切る，歩き回る］

Homestay Destination

　　We left for Toronto at about noon, five hours later than scheduled, due to the delay of the bus, though we wanted to arrive in Toronto at least before noon. While I was heading for Niagara Falls 2 days before, I happened to catch a passing glimpse of a cargo ship raised several meters higher than the level of the river. It was the Welland Canal's Centre Lock 3. I had checked the accurate point on the map and was watching out so as not to miss the timing of the snapshot. As a result, I could take some pictures, but there wasn't a ship. Moreover I was on the opposite side of the lock. I was really sorry not to have taken a picture on the way to Niagara Falls. Anyway, I'll show you the picture of the lock of the canal.
　　The CN Tower, the famous local landmark, became bigger as our bus went into the city of Toronto. It was so tall and prominent that you could tell where you were, utilizing the position of the sun and the tower wherever you might be.
　　I took my daughter to her homestay accommodation immediately after I checked in my hotel in downtown Toronto. I had been afraid whether she could spend four weeks by herself in Toronto, but I felt an enormous sense of relief when I met the homestay family.

(Vocabulary)
homestay accommodation  ホームステイ先
passing 通りすがりの
I caught a passing glimpse of the President.  通りすがりに大統領がちらりと見えた．
lock [C] (運河などの) 閘門(こうもん)
lock gates  閘門扉
prominent よく目立つ
a prominent local landmark  よく目立つ地元のランドマーク
a sense/feeling of relief  ほっとすること, 安堵感
I felt an enormous sense of relief when I heard I'd passed my exam. 試験に受かったと聞いて心の底からほっとした．

Peculiar Restaurant

　　We chose a peculiar restaurant named "Rainforest Cafe" for dinner, which was located on the busiest street, Clifton Hill. The inside was designed to simulate the rain forest. Several mechanical animals such as gorillas, birds and elephants moved around us and even the roar of thunder, squalls and animals often echoed through the hall. Can you detect a gorilla in the first picture?
　　After dinner, while we walked to our hotel, we found an array of concrete blocks with steel wires connected. They were anchors of the tightrope which I showed in the previous entry. I'm scared of heights and I found it unbelievable that a human being walked on the rope set at such a high place.
　　Coming back to our room, I found a small lamp on the phone blinking. It was the sign of a message left on voice mail. My daughter checked it. It was from the transport service company, informing us of the delay of the next day's shuttle bus to Toronto. Because the company knew our flight schedule, they thought the delay didn't mean a lot. However, it was too one-sided. I unconditionally had to obey their modified schedule and changed the sightseeing plan on the next day. If we had received a refund, we could have changed the shuttle bus into the train as the means of transportation to Toronto. Finally, we killed the early hours uselessly on the next morning.

(Vocabulary)
echo through/around sth  ＜場所＞に響き渡る, こだまする
The sound of thunder echoed all around the valley.  雷鳴は谷じゅうに響き渡った．
drop/weigh anchor  錨を下ろす/錨を上げる
be scared of sb/sth  ＜…＞を怖がる
She's scared of spiders. 彼女はクモを怖がる．
I find it unbelievable that  …とはとても信じがたい
blink〈ライトなどが〉点滅する
mean a lot (to somebody)（＜人＞にとって）とても重要である
one-sided〈試合・会話などが〉一方的な;〈関係などが〉一方的な, 不公平な
a one-sided contest  一方的な勝負

Niagara Glen

　　We went down along the Niagara River by shuttle bus, just after coming back to the Canadian side. About 10 minutes later, our bus stopped in front of a tiny hut, which was the gate to the riverside of the Niagara River. As I had expected, the current velocity and amount of water was indescribably fierce. Seeing the rapid current, I remembered the Caroline affair which had occurred in 1837. The wreck or something associated with the steamboat SS Caroline might remain in the waterfall basin or a water pocket around there. The hut, which I referred to above in a bad way, was a history museum inside. From the papers on display, I knew that lots of people had tried to swim across the river or go down the Niagara falls in some container like a wooden barrel. Some succeeded, but most people didn't come back. The stripe pattern on the wall of the bank of the river revealed the constantly continuing crustal movement. I found a large-scale dam on the opposite side of the river. I wondered whether it generated power or was it for cultivation. We strolled along the pathway carved on the wall for a while. It was fun, just like becoming "Indiana Jones", which you can see in the last picture. I met several groups of campers. If I could spend a while and sleep in such primitive circumstances, how wonderful it would be. We stayed around the glen for about one hour.

(Vocabulary)
crust 地殻
crustal change/crustal movement  地殻変動
carve decorative patterns on   ～に彫刻刀で加飾する













See also;
http://www.niagarakanko.on.ca/gallery/gellery_of_niagara_river.htm